Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) - Symptoms and Causes

Infections with the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are more prevalent in the winter and early spring. After an initial infection, symptoms are often moderate, though recurrence is possible. The virus usually appears before the age of five. While it frequently results in upper respiratory infections, it may also trigger asthma flare-ups, exacerbate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or lead to lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia. HMPV is a virus that generally causes symptoms resembling those of the common cold.

Is Human Metapneumovirus Just a Cold?

Human metapneumovirus frequently causes symptoms similar to a cold, while some people may get quite sick. Young children are more susceptible to serious sickness since the first time they contract HMPV, you are more likely to get seriously sick. After your initial infection, you develop a certain level of immunity, which increases the likelihood that you may experience mild, cold-like symptoms if you contract HMPV again. Severe symptoms may also be experienced by adults over 65, those with respiratory disorders, and those with compromised immune systems.

Human Metapneumovirus Symptoms:

From a minor cold-like illness to a serious lower respiratory tract condition, symptoms can vary widely. They often appear for three to six days following exposure.

Common Symptoms:

• Mild (upper respiratory tract)
   
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Fever
  • Sneezing
  • Wheezing
  • Fatigue
     
• Severe (lower respiratory tract) – More common in immunocompromised people, the elderly, and newborns.
   
  • Bronchiolitis (inflammation of small airways)
  • Pneumonia
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) in serious cases

Human Metapneumovirus Causes:

HMPV spreads similarly to other respiratory viruses:

• Direct contact with secretions (saliva, mucus, droplets) from coughing/sneezing
• Touching contaminated surfaces (doorknobs, toys, medical equipment) then touching face
• Close contact in crowded settings (daycare, hospitals, nursing homes)

Infections typically happen in late winter and early spring, much like flu and RSV.

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