Frozen Shoulder - Adhesive Capsulitis

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that affects the shoulder joint, causing the connective tissue surrounding it, called the shoulder capsule, to become thick, tight, and inflamed. This leads to a gradual loss of movement and flexibility in the joint. The condition develops slowly and progresses through different stages, during which the shoulder becomes increasingly stiff and difficult to move. Over time, the restricted movement may improve, but the process can take months or even years.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder:

The symptoms of frozen shoulder develop gradually and progress through three stages:

1. Freezing Stage: This is the initial phase where shoulder pain slowly increases, especially during movement. The pain may worsen at night and limit daily activities. Stiffness also begins to develop.
2. Frozen Stage: Pain may decrease, but the shoulder becomes very stiff, making movement extremely difficult. Lifting the arm or performing simple tasks can be challenging.
3. Thawing Stage: Shoulder movement gradually improves, and stiffness reduces over time. Pain continues to decrease, and normal function may return slowly.

These symptoms can last for months or even years, depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment.

Causes of Frozen Shoulder: 

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not always clear, but it occurs when the shoulder capsule thickens and tightens, restricting movement. Possible causes and risk factors include:

1. Prolonged Shoulder Immobility: Keeping the shoulder inactive for a long time due to injury, surgery, or medical conditions like a stroke can lead to frozen shoulder.
2. Medical Conditions: Certain conditions, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism), heart disease, and Parkinson’s disease, increase the risk of developing frozen shoulder.
3. Inflammation and Scar Tissue: Inflammation in the shoulder joint can lead to the formation of scar tissue (adhesions), which restricts movement and causes stiffness.
4. Age and Gender: Frozen shoulder is more common in people over 40 and affects women more often than men.

These factors contribute to the thickening and tightening of the shoulder capsule, leading to pain and restricted movement.

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