Epilepsy - Types of Epilepsy

About 50 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a chronic, noncommunicable brain illness. It is typified by recurring seizures, which are short bursts of involuntary movement that can affect the entire body (generalized) or only a portion of it. Occasionally, it is followed by loss of consciousness and control over bladder or bowel movements.

Seizures occur due to excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain cells, which can affect multiple brain regions. These discharges can result in various forms of seizures, ranging from minor attentional lapses or muscle jerks to severe, prolonged convulsions. The frequency of seizures can vary, with some individuals experiencing several per day, while others may have fewer than one per year. Having a single seizure does not necessarily mean a person has epilepsy, as up to 10% of people worldwide may experience at least one seizure in their lifetime. When a person experiences two or more unprovoked seizures, they are diagnosed with epilepsy.

Epilepsy Meaning in Urdu:

مرگی اس وقت ہوتی ہے جب دماغ میں بجلی کی حرکت میں کوئی مسئلہ ہو۔ یہ کسی کو اچانک بیہوش کر سکتا ہے، ہل سکتا ہے یا سانس لینے میں دشواری کا سامنا کر سکتا ہے۔ مرگی کے شکار مختلف لوگوں کو مختلف قسم کے دورے پڑ سکتے ہیں، جو کہ ان اقساط کی طرح ہوتے ہیں جہاں دماغ تھوڑا مضحکہ خیز کام کرتا ہے۔ یہ اس بات پر منحصر ہے کہ دماغ کا کون سا حصہ متاثر ہوا ہے۔ دورے کے دوران، ہو سکتا ہے کہ ایک شخص پوری طرح سے بیدار نہ ہو، وہ بہت ہلتا ​​ہو، یا اس کے بازو اور ٹانگیں خود ہی حرکت کر سکیں۔ دورے عام طور پر تین حصوں میں ہوتے ہیں، جہاں ایک شخص ہر حصے کے دوران مختلف چیزیں محسوس کرتا ہے۔

Types of Epilepsy:

Epilepsy is categorized based on seizure type and origin:

1. Focal Epilepsy: Seizures begin in one specific brain area, including focal awareness, focal impaired awareness, and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.
2. Generalized Epilepsy: Seizures affect both sides of the brain, such as absence, tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures.
3. Combined Generalized and Focal Epilepsy: Features both localized and widespread seizures.
4. Unknown Epilepsy: The cause or seizure type is not clearly identified.

Specific conditions like Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, Dravet Syndrome, and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy are classified under epilepsy syndromes.

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